Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Distinct allosteric remodeling of HIV-1 Env dynamics on virions by gp41-directed antibodies reveals two modes of neutralization

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.27.702099

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Genetic code expansion via amber suppression. Amber suppressor tRNA and tRNA synthetase (tRNA Pyl /NESPylRS AF ) incorporate the ncAA trans-cyclooct-2-en-L-lysine (TCO*A) at TAG codons engineered into Env (S401 TAG in gp120 and R542 TAG in gp41) on intact virions produced in mammalian cells. The supply of TCO*A to transfected cells enables its incorporation at the designated positions, providing reactive handles for subsequent fluorophore conjugation. ( B ) Bioorthogonal click labeling via SPIEDAC. Tetrazine-conjugated Cy3 and Cy5 derivatives (LD555-TTZ and LD655-TTZ) react with the strained alkene of TCO*A through strain-promoted inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition (SPIEDAC). The conjugated fluorophores (dyes) are depicted as red spheres. TCO*A Functional groups are shown in the modeled membrane-present Env trimers (right panel).

Article Snippet: The ncAA trans-cyclooct-2-en-L-lysine (TCO*A; SiChem #SC8008) was added to the culture medium at a final concentration of 250 μM.

Techniques: Produced, Transfection, Conjugation Assay, Labeling, Functional Assay, Membrane

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN promoted melatonin secretion via nutrient‐hormone interaction and activated SIRT1/PGC‐1α/PPARγ pathway after RIII. The grouping and treatment protocols for the mice were schematically represented (A). The levels of melatonin were measured in the serum (B), ileum (C), and colon (D) by ELISA. The expression levels of SIRT1, PGC‐1α, and PPARγ in the ileum (E) and colon (I) were evaluated by western blotting. The relative protein expression of SIRT1, PGC‐1α, and PPARγ in the ileum (F–H) and colon (J–L) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; PGC‐1α, Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1‐Alpha; PPARγ, Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma; RI, radiation; SIRT1, Silent Information Regulator Transcript 1.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN activated SIRT1/PGC‐1α/PPARγ pathway after RIII via the melatonin‐SIRT1 pathway. The grouping and treatment protocols for the mice are schematically represented (A). The levels of melatonin were measured in serum (B), ileum (C), and colon (D) by ELISA. The expression levels of SIRT1, PGC‐1α, and PPARγ in the ileum (E) and colon (I) were evaluated by western blotting. The relative protein expression of SIRT1, PGC‐1α, and PPARγ in the ileum (F–H) and colon (J–L) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + OA‐rich EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; PGC‐1α, Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1‐Alpha; PPARγ, Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma; RI, radiation; SIRT1, Silent Information Regulator Transcript 1.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal injury and systemic inflammation after RIII. H&E staining was used to evaluate general histologic changes in the ileum and colon (A). Histopathologic scoring was performed in the ileum (B) and colon (C). PAS staining was applied to assess goblet cell density and mucosal surface integrity in these regions (D). Serum level of 4‐kDa FITC‐dextran was performed to assess intestinal permeability (E). The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in the serum (F‐H), ileum (I–K), and colon (L–N) were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; H&E, Hematoxylin–eosin; IL, interleukin; OA, octanoic acid; PAS, periodic acid‐Schiff; RI, radiation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Staining, Permeability, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal cell apoptosis after RIII. The expression levels of Bcl‐xL, BAX, and Cleaved Caspase‐3 in the ileum (A) and colon (E) were evaluated by western blotting. The relative protein expression of Bcl‐xL, BAX, and Cleaved Caspase‐3 in the ileum (B–D) and colon (F–H) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + EN group. BAX, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein; Bcl‐xL, B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large; EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; RI, radiation.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal barrier dysfunction after RIII. The expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the ileum (A–C) and colon (F–H) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The relative protein expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the ileum (D, E) and colon (I, J) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; RI, radiation; ZO‐1, Zonula Occludens‐1.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal injury and systemic inflammation after RIII via the melatonin‐SIRT1 pathway. Histologic changes in the ileum and colon were evaluated with H&E staining (A). Histopathologic scoring of the ileum (B), colon (C) was performed. The goblet cell density and mucosal surface in the ileum and colon were evaluated by PAS staining (D). Serum level of 4‐kDa FITC‐dextran was performed to assess intestinal permeability (E). The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in the serum (F–H), ileum (I–K), and colon (L–N) were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + OA‐rich EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; H&E, Hematoxylin–eosin; IL, interleukin; OA, octanoic acid; PAS, periodic acid‐Schiff; RI, radiation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Staining, Permeability, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal cell apoptosis after RIII via the melatonin‐SIRT1 pathway. The expression levels of Bcl‐xL, BAX, and Cleaved Caspase‐3 in the ileum (A) and colon (E) were evaluated by western blotting. The relative protein expression of Bcl‐xL, BAX, and Cleaved Caspase‐3 in the ileum (B–D) and colon (F–H) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + OA‐rich EN group. BAX, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein; Bcl‐xL, B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large; EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; RI, radiation.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin‐SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid‐Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71465

Figure Lengend Snippet: OA‐rich EN alleviated intestinal barrier dysfunction after RIII via the melatonin‐SIRT1 pathway. The expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the ileum (A–C) and colon (F–H) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The relative protein expression of ZO‐1 and occludin in the ileum (D, E) and colon (I, J) was normalized to that of β‐actin. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 versus the Sham group. # p < 0.05 versus the RI group. ^ p < 0.05 versus the RI + OA‐rich EN group. EN, enteral nutrition; OA, octanoic acid; RI, radiation; ZO‐1, Zonula Occludens‐1.

Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 8 per group): (1) Sham; (2) RI; (3) RI + OA‐rich EN; (4) RI + OA‐rich EN + Luzindole (30 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐101254); (5) RI + OA‐rich EN + EX527 (10 mg/kg/day, MCE, HY‐15452).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot